CHAPTER SUMMARY INDUCTIVE REASONING AND INDUCTIVE FALLACIES
Inductive reasoning is used as a method for obtaining information when it would be impossible to examine all the data available. This is done by taking statistical samplings or by making extrapolations.
The five basic rules for evaluating the reliability of hypotheses based on statistical samplings are as follows:, the greater is its probability of being
a. The greater the size of the sample, the greater is its probability of being representative of the whole of a class.
b. A sampling must be representative in order to reliable result.
c. One counter example can refute a generalization arrived at through inductive reasoning.
d. Statistical evidence should be offered in sufficient detail for verification.
e. When evaluating the result of polls, it is important to examine both the polling agency and the polling question for bias.
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