TFY CHAPTER 9 ARGUMENT: WHAT'S A GOOD ARGUMENT?

CHAPTER SUMMARY

ARGUMENT: WHAT’S A GOOD ARGUMENT

The conclusion of an argument is the last step in a reasoning process. However, it may be stated at any time during an argument or not at all.
Reasons support conclusions. They may be generalizations that could function as conclusions in another context. Once the argument’s main conclusion is uncovered, the reasons offered in support becomes clear.
Arguments state and defend a claim. Usually they also attempt to persuade. Arguments disguised as reports slant the facts and language toward a bias.
Reports that only relate events or state facts cannot be analyzed as though they were arguments.
An issue is a selected aspect of a topic of controversy upon which positions may be taken either pro or con. Issue are stated in neutral terms often beginning with the word should and ending with a question. The following questions can serve as guidelines for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of arguments:
a. Are the reasons adequate to support the conclusion?
b. Are there any hidden assumptions?
c. Are any central words ambiguous or slanted so as to incite prejudice?
d. Are there fallacies of reasoning?
e. Is any important importation missing?
f. Is any information false or contradictory?